Escaping the COVID-19 Pandemic with High-Speed E-Learning: Capabilities, Engagement, and Quality in Malaysian Higher Education

© Media Watch |12 (3) 363-381, 2021
ISSN 0976-0911 | E-ISSN 2249-8818
DOI: 10.15655/mw/2021/v12i3/165222

 

Escaping the COVID-19 Pandemic with High-Speed E-Learning: Capabilities, Engagement, and Quality in Malaysian Higher Education

 

Sidra Shehzadi1, Syed Hassan Raza2, & Umer Zaman3
1Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
2Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan
3Woosong University, South Korea

 

Abstract 

Despite growing optimism, the COVID-19 pandemic has overstayed with its new ‘delta variant’ sweeping across continents. Consequently, higher education institutions across the globe have strategically switched to e-learning platforms to escape the massive uncertainties triggered by the ongoing global pandemic. Hence, the attraction and engagement of millions of new e-learners towards technology-enabled virtual learning environments are highly dependent on critical factors such as quality of e-service, e-information, and e-system, etc., for e-learning success. To address these emerging challenges and to bridge the research gap, the present study empirically explored the effects of e-learning communication networks, including the quality of e-service, e-information, and e-system, on e-learning in Malaysian Higher Education. Notably, the mediating mechanism of e-learner’s engagement in the processual and holistic model of e-learning quality was also examined. Drawing on study data of 450 e-learners and utilizing structural equational modeling (SEM), the findings established that e-learning quality is significantly influenced by e-service quality, e-system quality, and e-information quality, as mediated through e-learner’s engagement. The study implications include new empirical evidence on boosting e-learning quality during the pandemic-induced global education crisis and identifying the critical drivers of communication technologies in higher education (i.e., quality of e-service, e-information, and e-system) to better interpret the changing ingredients of e-learner’s engagement.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, e-information quality, e-system quality, e-service quality, e-learning quality, and student’s e-learning engagement

 

References

 

Alam, M. M., Ahmad, N., Naveed, Q. N., Patel, A., Abohashrh, M., & Khaleel, M. A. (2021). E-Learning Services to Achieve Sustainable Learning and Academic Performance: An Empirical Study. Sustainability, 13(5), 2653.

Al-Fraihat, D., Joy, M., & Sinclair, J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 67-86.

Alsheyadi, A. K., & Albalushi, J. (2020). Service quality of student services and student satisfaction: the mediating effect of cross-functional collaboration. The TQM Journal, 32(6), 1197-1215.

Artman, N. (2020). Applying the cognitive theory of multi-media learning: Using the ADDIE model to enhance instructional video. Explorations in Media Ecology, 19(3), 371-380.

Barhoumi, C. (2016). User acceptance of the e-information service as information resource. New Library World, 117(9), 626-643.

Barteit, S., Guzek, D., Jahn, A., Bärnighausen, T., Jorge, M. M., & Neuhann, F. (2020). Evaluation of e-learning for medical education in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 145, 103726. 

Bauwens, R., Muylaert, J., Clarysse, E., Audenaert, M., & Decramer, A. (2020). Teachers’ acceptance and use of digital learning environments after hours: Implications for work-life balance and the role of integration preference. Computers in Human Behavior, 112, 106479.

Chang, C.-T., Hajiyev, J., & Su, C.-R. (2017). Examining the students’ behavioral intention to use e-learning in Azerbaijan? The general extended technology acceptance model for the e-learning approach. Computers & Education, 111, 128-143. 

Chau, H., Barria-Pineda, J., & Brusilovsky, P. (2017). Content wizard: a concept-based recommender system for instructors of programming courses. In Adjunct Publication of the 25th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (pp. 135-140).

Chaudhary, M. A., Chaudhary, N. I., & Ali, A. Z. (2020). Enhancing university’s brand performance during the COVID-19 outbreak: The role of ICT orientation, perceived service quality, trust, and student’s satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 14(3), 629-651.

Chopra, G., Madan, P., Jaisingh, P., & Bhaskar, P. (2019). Effectiveness of e-learning portal from students’ perspective. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 16(2), 94-116.

Cidral, W. A., Oliveira, T., Di Felice, M., & Aparicio, M. (2018). E-learning success determinants: Brazilian empirical study. Computers & Education, 122, 273-290. 

Czerkawski, B. C., & Lyman, E. W. (2016). An instructional design framework for fostering student engagement in online learning environments. TechTrends, 60(6), 532-539. 

Daghestani, L. F., Ibrahim, L. F., Al Towirgi, R. S., & Salman, H. A. (2020). Adapting gamified learning systems using educational data mining techniques. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 28(3), 568-589.

Demir, A., Maroof, L., Khan, N. U. S., & Ali, B. J. (2020). The role of E-service quality in shaping online meeting platforms: a case study from higher education sector. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-08-2020-0253

Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5-22.

Diemer, T. T., Fernandez, E., & Streepey, J. W. (2012). Student perceptions of classroom engagement and learning using iPads. Journal of Teaching and Learning with Technology, 1(2), 13-25. 

Elkhateeb, M., Shehab, A., & El-Bakry, H. (2019). Mobile Learning System for Egyptian Higher Education Using Agile-Based Approach. Education Research International, 2019, 7531980, doi: 10.1155/2019/7531980

Ergun, E., & Adibatmaz, F. B. K. (2020). Exploring the predictive role of e-learning readiness and e-learning style on student engagement. Open Praxis, 12(2), 175-189.

Farid, S., Ahmad, R., Alam, M., Akbar, A., & Chang, V. (2018). A sustainable quality assessment model for the information delivery in E-learning systems. Information Discovery and Delivery, 46(1), 1-25.

Gaur, A. M. (2013). Media Education in India and United Kingdom: A Comparative Study. Media Watch, 4(3), 278-284.

Grebennikova, V. M., Nikitina, N. I., Gardanova, Z. R., & Komarova, E. V. (2021). Students’ perception of E-learning based on media resources and readiness during COVID-19. Media Watch, 12(2), 265-275.

Heng, L. C., & Said, M. N. H. M. (2020). Effects of digital game-based learning apps based on Mayer’s cognitive theory of multi-media learning in mathematics for primary school students. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal (ITLJ), 4(1), 65-78.

Hsu, M., Chen, Y., & Chiu, C. (2003). Examining the WWW continuance: An extended expectation confirmation model. Communications of the ICISA, 5(2), 12-25. 

Hussain, M., Zhu, W., Zhang, W., & Abidi, S. M. R. (2018). Student engagement predictions in an e-learning system and their impact on student course assessment scores. Computational intelligence and neuroscience, 2018, 6347186. doi: 10.1155/2018/6347186

Ikhsan, R., & Simarmata, J. (2021). SST-Servqual and customer outcomes in service industry: Mediating the rule of corporate reputation. Management Science Letters, 11(2), 561-576.

Jin, Q., Raza, S. H., Yousaf, M., Zaman, U., & Siang, J. M. L. D. (2021). Can Communication Strategies Combat COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy with Trade-Off between Public Service Messages and Public Skepticism? Experimental Evidence from Pakistan. Vaccines, 9(7), 757. doi:10.3390/vaccines9070757

Kim, H. J., Hong, A. J., & Song, H.-D. (2019). The roles of academic engagement and digital readiness in students’ achievements in university e-learning environments. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1-18. 

Kim, Y., Wang, Q., & Roh, T. (2021). Do information and service quality affect perceived privacy protection, satisfaction, and loyalty? Evidence from a Chinese O2O-based mobile shopping application. Telematics and Informatics, 56, 101483.

Kristanto, A. (2017). The Development of Instructional Materials E-Learning Based on Blended Learning. International Education Studies, 10(7), 10-17. 

Lavrov, E., Pasko, N., Tolbatov, A., & Barchenko, N. (2017). Development of adaptation technologies to man-operator in distributed E-learning systems. Paper presented at the 2017 2nd International Conference on Advanced Information and Communication Technologies (AICT).

Lee, J.-K., & Lee, W.-K. (2008). The relationship of e-Learner’s self-regulatory efficacy and perception of e-Learning environmental quality. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(1), 32-47.

Li, F., Lu, H., Hou, M., Cui, K., & Darbandi, M. (2021). Customer satisfaction with bank services: The role of cloud services, security, e-learning and service quality. Technology in Society, 64, 101487.

Lwoga, E. T., & Sife, A. S. (2018). Impacts of quality antecedents on faculty members’ acceptance of electronic resources. Library Hi Tech. 36(2), 289-305.

Mayer, R. E. (1997). Multi-media learning: Are we asking the right questions. Educational Psychologist, 32, 1–19.

Mehra, V., & Omidian, F. (2012). Development an Instrument to Measure University Students’ Attitude towards E-Learning. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 13(1), 34-51. 

Moubayed, A., Injadat, M., Shami, A., & Lutfiyya, H. (2018). Relationship between student engagement and performance in e-learning environment using association rules. In 2018 IEEE world engineering education conference (EDUNINE) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/EDUNINE.2018.8451005.

Moubayed, A., Injadat, M., Shami, A., & Lutfiyya, H. (2020). Student engagement level in e-learning environment: Clustering using k-means. American Journal of Distance Education, 34(2), 137-156.

Patel, V., Das, K., Chatterjee, R., & Shukla, Y. (2020). Does the interface quality of mobile shopping apps affect purchase intention? An empirical study. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 28(4), 300-309.

Paulsen, J., & McCormick, A. C. (2020). Reassessing disparities in online learner student engagement in higher education. Educational Researcher, 49(1), 20-29.

Pearson, A., Tadisina, S., & Griffin, C. (2012). The role of e-service quality and information quality in creating perceived value: antecedents to website loyalty. Information Systems Management, 29(3), 201-215.

Persico, D., Manca, S., & Pozzi, F. (2014). Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model to evaluate the innovative potential of e-learning systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 614-622.

Pham, C., Vu, N., & Tran, G. (2020). The role of e-learning service quality and e-trust on e-loyalty. Management Science Letters, 10(12), 2741-2750. 

Pham, L., Limbu, Y. B., Bui, T. K., Nguyen, H. T., & Pham, H. T. (2019). Do e-learning service quality influence e-learning student satisfaction and loyalty? Evidence from Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1-26. 

Priatna, T., Maylawati, D., Sugilar, H., & Ramdhani, M. (2020). Key Success Factors of e-Learning Implementation in Higher Education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(17), 101-114.

Rahman, A. (2021). Using Students’ Experience to Derive Effectiveness of COVID-19-Lockdown-Induced Emergency Online Learning at Undergraduate Level: Evidence from Assam, India. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 71-89.

Rahmawati, R. N. (2019). Self-efficacy and use of E-learning: A theoretical review technology acceptance model (TAM). Amer. J. Hum. Soc. Sci. Res., 3(5), 41-55. 

Raza, S. H., Zaman, U., Iftikhar, M., & Shafique, O. (2021). An Experimental Evidence on Eco-Friendly Advertisement Appeals and Intention to Use Bio-Nanomaterial Plastics: Institutional Collectivism and Performance Orientation as Moderators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 791. doi:10.3390/ijerph18020791

Salloum, S. A., Al-Emran, M., Shaalan, K., & Tarhini, A. (2019). Factors affecting the E-learning acceptance: A case study from UAE. Education and Information Technologies, 24(1), 509-530. 

Sharma, S. K., Gaur, A., Saddikuti, V., & Rastogi, A. (2017). Structural equation model (SEM)-neural network (NN) model for predicting quality determinants of e-learning management systems. Behaviour & Information Technology, 36(10), 1053-1066. 

Syauqi, K., Munadi, S., & Triyono, M. B. (2020). Students’ Perceptions toward Vocational Education on Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(4), 881-886.

Taat, M. S., & Francis, A. (2020). Factors Influencing the Students’ Acceptance of E-Learning at Teacher Education Institute: An Exploratory Study in Malaysia. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(1), 133-141. 

Tarhini, A., Hone, K., & Liu, X. (2013). User acceptance towards web-based learning systems: Investigating the role of social, organizational and individual factors in European higher education. Procedia Computer Science, 17, 189-197. 

Xu, B., Chen, N. S., & Chen, G. (2020). Effects of teacher role on student engagement in WeChat-Based online discussion learning. Computers & Education, 157, 103956. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103956

Udo, G. J., Bagchi, K. K., & Kirs, P. J. (2011). Using SERVQUAL to assess the quality of e-learning experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1272-1283.

Vate-U-Lan, P. (2020). Psychological impact of e-learning on social network sites: online students’ attitudes and their satisfaction with life. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(1), 27-40.

Wulan, R., Sarwandianto, A., Alamsyah, N., & Awaludin, A. A. R. Android-Based Expert System Application to Determine Math Learning Styles of Elementary School Students in Surakarta. SAR J.-Sci. Res., 3(2), 65-70. 

Zaiþ, A., & Bertea, P. S. P. E. (2011). Methods for testing discriminant validity. Management & Marketing Journal, 9(2), 217-224.

 

Sidra Shehzadi is a Ph.D. candidate in communication studies from the School of Multimedia Technology and Communication, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Her research focuses on marketing communication, corporate communication, public relations, and advertising. 

Syed Hassan Raza (Ph.D., Universiti Utara Malaysia, 2018) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Studies at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan. He remained part of the GLOBE cross-cultural project as Country Co-Investigator. His research centers on advertising, marketing communication, health communication, cross-cultural communication, new media, and journalism. 

Umer Zaman (Ph.D., Foundation University, 2016) is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Dr. Zaman’s interdisciplinary research interests are project management, strategic management, strategic HR, tourism management, and marketing.

 

Corresponding author: Umer Zaman, Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Daejeon, 34606, South Korea.